D Appendix: Answers to end-of-chapter exercises

This Appendix contains answers to most (not all) exercises. Some are fully worked, and some are only brief solutions.

• Answers to Chap. 1 (Introduction): Sect. D.1.
• Answers to Chap. 2 (Research questions): Sect. D.2.
• Answers to Chap. 3 (Research design): Sect. D.3.
• Answers to Chap. 4 (Ethics): Sect. D.4.
• Answers to Chap. 5 (Sampling): Sect. D.5.
• Answers to Chap. 6 (Factors that influence the response variable): Sect. D.6.
• Answers to Chap. 7 (Designing experiments): Sect. D.7.
• Answers to Chap. 8 (Designing observational studies): Sect. D.8.
• Answers to Chap. 9 (Interpretation): Sect. D.9.
• Answers to Chap. 10 (Collecting data): Sect. D.10.
• Answers to Chap. 11 (Describing variables): Sect. D.11.
• Answers to Chap. 12 (Graphs): Sect. D.12.
• Answers to Chap. 13 (Numerical summaries for quantitative data): Sect. D.13.
• Answers to Chap. 14 (Numerical summaries for qualitative data): Sect. D.14.
• Answers to Chap. 15 (Making decisions): Sect. D.15
• Answers to Chap. 16 (Probability): Sect. D.16.
• Answers to Chap. 17 (Sampling distributions): Sect. D.17.
• Answers to Chap. 18 (Sampling variation): Sect. D.18.
• Answers to Chap. 20 (CIs for one proportion): Sect. D.19.
• Answers to Chap. 21 (More about forming CIs): Sect. D.20.
• Answers to Chap. 22 (CIs for one mean): Sect. D.21.
• Answers to Chap. 23 (CIs for paired data): Sect. D.22.
• Answers to Chap. 24 (CIs for two independent means): Sect. D.23.
• Answers to Chap. 25 (CIs for odds ratios): Sect. D.24.
• Answers to Chap. 27 (Tests for one mean): Sect. D.25.
• Answers to Chap. 28 (More about hypothesis tests): Sect. D.26.
• Answers to Chap. 29 (Tests for paired mean): Sect. D.27.
• Answers to Chap. 30 (Tests for two independent mean): Sect. D.28.
• Answers to Chap. 31 (Tests for odds ratios): Sect. D.29.
• Answers to Chap. 33 (Relationships between two quantitative variables): Sect. D.30.
• Answers to Chap. 34 (Correlation): Sect. D.31.
• Answers to Chap. 35 (Regression): Sect. D.32.
• Answers to Chap. 36 (Reading research): Sect. D.33.
• Answers to Chap. 37 (Writing research): Sect. D.34.